EBay, PayPal, Kijiji and StubHub in Toronto PayPal Holdings, Inc. Is an American company operating a worldwide online payments system that supports and serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods like and. PayPal is one of the world's largest Internet payment companies. The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, sites and other commercial users, for which it charges a fee.

Vol.7, No.3, May, 2004. Mathematical and Natural Sciences. Study on Bilinear Scheme and Application to Three-dimensional Convective Equation (Itaru Hataue and Yosuke.

Established in 1998, PayPal had its in 2002, and became a wholly owned subsidiary of later that year. In 2014, eBay announced plans to spin-off PayPal into an independent company by mid-2015 and this was completed on July 18, 2015. Further information: Early history [ ] PayPal was established in December 1998 as, a company that developed security software for handheld devices founded by,, and.

PayPal was developed and launched as a money transfer service at Confinity in 1999, funded by John Malloy from BlueRun Ventures. In March 2000, Confinity merged with, an online banking company founded. Musk was optimistic about the future success of the money transfer business Confinity was developing.

Musk and then-president and CEO of X.com, Bill Harris, disagreed on this point and Harris left the company in May 2000. In October of that year, Musk made the decision that X.com would terminate its other Internet banking operations and focus on the PayPal money service. In the same month, Elon Musk was replaced by Peter Thiel as CEO of X.com. The X.com company was then renamed PayPal in 2001, and expanded rapidly throughout the year until company executives decided to take PayPal in 2002. Paypal's IPO listed under the ticker PYPL at $13 per share and ended up generating over $61 million. EBay subsidiary (2002–2014) [ ] Shortly after PayPal's, the company was acquired by in July 2002 for $1.5 billion, with a valuation of over $23 a share, or 77% above the IPO price. More than 70 percent of all eBay auctions accepted PayPal payments, and roughly 1 in 4 closed auction listings were transacted via PayPal.

PayPal became the payment method used by a majority of eBay users (it was also the default choice), and the service competed with eBay's subsidiary, as well as 's c2it, 's, and Western Union's service, all of which closed in subsequent years. PayPal acquired the payment solution in 2005 to expand its e-commerce business and provide added security support.

In 2007, PayPal announced a partnership with that led to the development and launch of the PayPal Secure Card service, a software that allows customers to make payments on websites that do not accept PayPal directly by generating a unique, single-use MasterCard number for each checkout. By the end of 2007, the company generated $1.8 billion in revenue.

In January 2008, PayPal acquired Fraud Sciences, a privately held Israeli start-up company with expertise in online risk tools, for $169 million, in order to enhance PayPal's fraud management systems. In November 2008, the company acquired, an online payments company offering transactional credit at over 9000 online merchants in the US. PayPal revenues for Q1 2009 were $643 million, up 11 percent year over year. 42 percent of revenues in Q1 2009 were from international markets. PayPal's Total Payment Volume (TPV), the total value of transactions in Q1 2009 was nearly $16 billion, up 10 percent year over year.

By 2010, PayPal had over 100 million active user accounts in 190 markets through 25 different currencies. In July 2011, fourteen alleged members of the group were charged with attempting to disrupt PayPal's operations. The attacks occurred in December 2010, after PayPal stopped processing donations to. On December 5, 2013, 13 of the pleaded guilty to misdemeanor and felony charges related to the attacks.

The company continued to build its Merchant Services division, providing for retailers on eBay. In 2011, PayPal announced that it would begin moving its business offline so that customers can make payments via PayPal in stores. In August 2012, the company announced its partnership with to allow PayPal payments to be made at any of the 7 million stores in Discover Card's network. By the end of 2012, PayPal's total payment volume processed was 145,000,000,000. And accounted for 40% of eBay's revenue, amounting to 1,370,000,000 in the 3rd quarter of 2012. In 2013, PayPal acquired IronPearl, a startup offering engagement software, and, a -based, to further product development and mobile services.

In June 2014 announced he was leaving his role as PayPal President; Marcus joined PayPal in August 2011 after its acquisition of, of which he was the founder and CEO. David Marcus succeeded as president, who left the role to join. PayPal announced that Marcus would be succeeded by, who previously served as CEO of and Executive vice president of. Spin-off from eBay [ ] It was announced on September 30, 2014, that eBay would spin off PayPal into a separate publicly traded company, a move demanded in 2013 by activist hedge fund magnate. The spin-off was completed on July 18, 2015.

Is the current President and CEO, with former eBay CEO serving as chairman. Dungeon Siege 2 Torrent Iso Ppsspp on this page. Acquisition of Xoom Corporation [ ] On July 1, 2015, PayPal announced that it was acquiring digital money transfer company.

PayPal spent $25 a share in cash to acquire the publicly traded Xoom, or about $1.09 billion. The deal was closed in the fourth quarter of 2015. The move strengthened PayPal’s international business, giving it access to Xoom’s 1.3 million active U.S. Customers that sent about $7 billion in the 12 months ending on March 31, to people in 37 countries. PayPal.Me [ ] On September 1, 2015, PayPal launched their peer-to-peer payment platform 'PayPal.Me', a service that allows users to send a custom link to request funds via text, email, or other messaging platforms. Custom links are set to be structured as PayPal.me/username/amountrequested.

PayPal.Me was launched in 18 countries including United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Canada, Russia, Turkey, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Austria and Switzerland. PayPal had 170 million users, as of September 2015, and the focus of PayPal.Me was to create a mobile-first user experience that enables faster payment sharing than PayPal's traditional tools. In June 2016, it was announced that PayPal had joined the for the first time. Acquisitions [ ] Acquisition date Company Price Refs Jan 28, 2008 Fraud Sciences $169M Oct 6, 2008 $945M Apr 20, 2011 $135 M Apr 28, 2011 FigCard - Oct 15, 2011 $240M Jul 17, 2012 card.io - Apr 13, 2013 IronPearl - Sep 26, 2013 $800M Sep 26, 2013 - Dec 17, 2013 StackMob - Mar 2, 2015 $280M Mar 5, 2015 CyActive $60M Jul 2, 2015 $890M Aug 19, 2015 Modest Inc - Feb 14, 2017 TIO Networks $233M Aug 10, 2017 Swift Financial - Offices [ ]. PayPal Operations Center and main office in. PayPal's corporate headquarters are located in the of, at North First Street campus.

The company's operations center is located in, which opened in 1999. Since July 2007, PayPal has operated across the as a Luxembourg-based bank.

The PayPal European headquarters are located in and the international headquarters are in. PayPal opened a technology center in in 2006, and a software development center in, India in 2007. In October 2007, PayPal opened a data service office on the north side of, and also opened a second operations center in that same year. In 2011, joining similar customer support operations located in, Germany;;, Ireland;; and, China; PayPal opened a second customer support center in, Malaysia, and began the hiring process. In 2014, PayPal opened a new global center of operations in Kuala Lumpur.

Services [ ] As of 2017, PayPal operates in 202 markets and has 218 million active, registered accounts. PayPal allows customers to send, receive and hold funds in 25 currencies worldwide.

PayPal's services allow people to make online by granting the ability to between individuals and businesses. Through PayPal, users can send or receive payments for online auctions on websites like eBay, purchase or sell goods and services, or donate money or receive donations. It is not necessary to have a PayPal account to use the company's services.

PayPal account users can set currency conversion option in account settings,. From 2009 to 2016, PayPal operated Student Accounts, allowing parents to set up a student account, transfer money into it and obtain a debit card for student use. The program provides tools to teach how to spend money wisely and take responsibility for actions. PayPal discontinued Student Accounts in August 2016.

In November 2009, PayPal opened its platform, allowing other services to get access to its code and to use its infrastructure in order to enable peer-to-peer online transactions. In 2007, PayPal acquired the online credit product Bill Me Later, Inc.

Hot Shot 1987 Download more. Which has since been rebranded as PayPal Credit, and provides services for Comenity Capital Bank, the lender of PayPal Credit accounts. Founded in 2000, Bill Me Later is headquartered in Timonium, Maryland, with additional offices in Hunt Valley, Maryland, Chandler, Arizona and San Francisco, California. PayPal Credit offers shoppers access to an instant online revolving line of credit at thousands of vendors that accept PayPal, subject to credit approval. PayPal Credit allows consumers to shop online in much the same way as they would with a traditional credit card.

The rebranding of Bill Me Later as PayPal Credit also means that consumers can use PayPal Credit to fund transactions virtually anywhere PayPal is accepted. In 2015 PayPal agreed that PayPal Credit would pay a $25 million fine to settle a complaint filed in Federal Court by the.

The PayPal app is available online or at the and. One year after acquiring, PayPal introduced its 'One Touch' service, which allows users to pay with a one-touch option on participating merchants websites or apps. On November 28, 2011, PayPal reported brought record mobile engagement including a 538% increase in global mobile payment volume when compared with Black Friday 2010.

In 2012, the company launched 'PayPal Here', a small business mobile payment system that includes a combination of a free and a small card-reader that plugs into a smart phone. PayPal launched an updated app for and in 2013 that expanded its mobile app capabilities by allowing users to search for local shops and restaurants that accept PayPal payments, order ahead at participating venues, and access their PayPal Credit accounts (formerly known as Bill Me Later).

Business model evolution [ ] PayPal's success in users and volumes was the product of a three-phase strategy described by former eBay CEO: 'First, PayPal focused on expanding its service among eBay users in the US. Second, we began expanding PayPal to eBay's international sites. And third, we started to build PayPal's business off eBay.' Phase 1 [ ] In the first phase, payment volumes were coming mostly from the eBay auction website. The system was very attractive to auction sellers, most of which were individuals or small businesses that were unable to accept credit cards, and for consumers as well. In fact, many sellers could not qualify for a credit card Merchant account because they lacked a commercial credit history.

The service also appealed to auction buyers because they could fund PayPal accounts using credit cards or bank account balances, without divulging credit card numbers to unknown sellers. PayPal employed an aggressive marketing campaign to accelerate its growth, depositing $10 in new users' PayPal accounts.

Phase 2 [ ] Until 2000, PayPal's strategy was to earn interest on funds in PayPal accounts. However, most recipients of PayPal credits withdrew funds immediately.

Also, a large majority of senders funded their payments using credit cards, which cost PayPal roughly 2% of payment value per transaction. [ ] To solve this problem, PayPal tailored its product to cater more to business accounts. Instead of relying on interests earned from deposited funds, PayPal started relying on earnings from service charges.

They offered seller protection to PayPal account holders, provided that they comply with reimbursement policies. For example, PayPal merchants are either required to retain a traceable proof of shipping to a confirmed address or to provide a signed receipt for items valued over $750. [ ] Phase 3 [ ] After fine-tuning PayPal's business model and increasing its domestic and international penetration on eBay, PayPal started its off-eBay strategy. This was based on developing stronger growth in active users by adding users across multiple platforms, despite the slowdown in on-eBay growth and low-single-digit user growth on the eBay site. A late 2003 reorganization created a new business unit within PayPal—Merchant Services—to provide payment solutions to small and large e-commerce merchants outside the eBay auction community. Main article: In early 2006, PayPal introduced an optional as an additional precaution against fraud.

A user account tied to a security key has a modified login process. The account holder enters his or her login ID and password as normal, but is then prompted to enter a six-digit code provided by a credit card sized hardware security key or a text message sent to the account holder's mobile phone. For convenience, the user may append the code generated by the hardware key to his or her password in the login screen. This way he or she is not prompted for it on another page. This method is required for some services, such as when using PayPal through the eBay application on iPhone.

This is intended to make it difficult for an account to be compromised by a malicious third party without access to the physical security key, although it does not prevent so-called (MITB) attacks. However, the user (or malicious third party) can alternatively authenticate by providing the credit card or bank account number listed on his or her account. Thus the PayPal implementation does not offer the security of true two-factor authentication. MTAN [ ] It is also possible to use a mobile phone to receive an (Mobile Transaction Authentication Number) via SMS. Use of a security code that is sent to the account holder's mobile phone is currently free.

Fraud [ ] As early as 2001, PayPal had substantial problems with, especially international hackers who were hacking into PayPal accounts and transferring small amounts of money out of multiple accounts. Standard solutions for merchant and banking fraud might use government criminal sanctions to pursue the fraudsters.

But with PayPal losing millions of dollars each month to fraud, while experiencing difficulties with using the to pursue cases of international fraud, PayPal developed a private solution: a 'fraud monitoring system that used artificial intelligence to detect potentially fraudulent transactions. Rather than treating the problem of fraud as a, the company treated it as a one.'

150,000 PayPal cards frozen [ ] In 2015, 150,000 Spanish card holders had their funds frozen in an apparent fraud case involving a PayPal service provider, Younique Money, which was the de facto administrator of the cards. Previously, PayPal had charged €15 to all its card users without authorization (150,000 users). As of March 2015 most funds have not been returned. PayPal MyCash Reloadable Card Embezzlement [ ] PayPal MyCash cards(PPMCC) are purchased and loaded at retail and pharmacy stores in the US.

These cards are provided by the corporation InComm. Funds can only be loaded to PayPal accounts, and are done so by scratching off silvering on the rear of the card to reveal a secure PIN. It has been discovered that these secure PIN numbers are stored plaintext in a database, accessible to many InComm IT employees.

Employees have taken PINs and loaded or traded them for their own purposes. Meanwhile victims have their claims investigated by the company ITC Financial Licenses under InComm, with a very broken model which blames victims as participants in Victim Assisted Fraud. The extent of this situation is not yet known, but a victim with a small blog was able to find $5000 in victims while researching his own case to ultimately prove this. A video reveals a PIN number being known before silvering has been scratched off, and the victim was able to trace the account one of the cards was loaded to back to a former InComm Database Administrator. Criticism [ ]. See also: In 2003, PayPal voluntarily ceased serving as a payment intermediary between gambling websites and their online customers. At the time of this cessation it was the largest payment processor for online gambling transactions.

In 2010, PayPal resumed accepting such transactions, but only in those countries where online gambling is legal, and only for sites which are properly licensed to operate in said jurisdictions. If an account is subject to fraud or unauthorized use, PayPal puts the 'Limited Access' designation on the account.

PayPal has had several notable cases in which the company has frozen the account of users such as Richard Kyanka, owner of the website, in September 2005, in March 2010, or, the owner of Regretsy, in December 2011. The account was reinstated, PayPal apologized and donated to her cause. In September 2010, PayPal froze the account of Markus Persson, developer of independent video game. Persson stated publicly that he had not received a clear explanation of why the account was frozen, and that PayPal was threatening to keep the money if they found anything wrong. His account contained around €600,000.

PayPal's partner ceased taking donations to in 2010, and PayPal also suspended, and later permanently restricted, payments to the website after the U.S. State Department deemed WikiLeaks activities as illegal. Online supporters and activists retaliated by subjecting PayPal and MasterCard, along with other companies, to coordinated. In February 2011 PayPal the account of a website that supports after it had enough information to fulfill its guidelines.

The Support Network claimed the backdown was a reaction to a petition to the company to reinstate the account. As of December 2011, PayPal is involved in several lawsuits in a controversy over their policy of holding 30% of vendor transactions for 90 days for some merchants and sellers, which PayPal argues is intended to make funds available to customers in the event that a transaction is found to be fraudulent; to provide PayPal the funds to refund the seller. In May 2013, PayPal declined to pay a reward offered in its Bug Bounty Program to a 17-year-old German student who discovered a flaw on its site. The company took the position that because the student was under 18 years old he did not qualify to participate in the program in violation of the program's terms and conditions. In August 2013, entrepreneurs who had used PayPal to collect the funds they raised on platforms like and reported difficulty in being able to withdraw the money. Most notable victims are, GlassUp (a rival to ) and. As of January 2015, a class-action lawsuit against PayPal has been filed in, claiming that they arbitrarily freeze accounts and hold funds for up to 180 days without paying interest and thereby directly profit from it.

The lawsuit requests that PayPal be declared a monopoly and thus regulated accordingly. In May 2014 PayPal blocked the account of a Russian human rights organisation 'RosUznik', which supported political prisoners arrested.

In April 2015 reported PayPal blocking the account of -based human rights group. In May 2015 PayPal blocked an account intended to raise money for the distribution of 's report '. The explanation by PayPal was that 'PayPal does not offer the opportunity to use its system for collecting funds to finance the activities of political parties or for political aims in Russia', though PayPal's Acceptable Use Policy does not mention financing for political goals. Non-governmental organization issued a statement that 'PayPal should immediately lift this ban, to help, rather than hinder, press freedom in Russia.' In 2016, PayPal generated controversy after it was discovered that one of its founders, Peter Thiel, had funded a lawsuit brought.

Thiel may have benefited from the $140 million lawsuit that was decided in favor of the former wrestler. By 2016, had received over 1,200 consumer complaints relating to PayPal policies. Consumers have also launched numerous anti-PayPal Facebook sites and Twitter accounts to air their complaints. In February 2017, PayPal froze the account of, a, in response to a payment from, a,, intended to cover the fee for the Reminder's submission of articles for consideration in a nationwide journalism contest run by News Media Canada, including one discussing. PayPal cited regulations as a reason for flagging the transaction between Canadian entities.

Litigation [ ] In March 2002, two PayPal account holders separately sued the company for alleged violations of the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (EFTA) and California law. Most of the allegations concerned PayPal's dispute resolution procedures. The two lawsuits were merged into one class action lawsuit (In re: PayPal litigation). An informal settlement was reached in November 2003, and a formal settlement was signed on June 11, 2004. The settlement requires that PayPal change its business practices (including changing its dispute resolution procedures to make them EFTA-compliant), as well as making a US$9.25 million payment to members of the class. PayPal denied any wrongdoing. In June 2003, filed a lawsuit against PayPal and eBay claiming breach of contract, breach of the implied covenants of good faith and fair dealing, and interference with contract, among other claims.

In a 2002 license agreement, Stamps.com and PayPal agreed that Stamps.com technology would be made available to allow PayPal users to buy and print postage online from their PayPal accounts. Stamps.com claimed that PayPal did not live up to its contractual obligations and accused eBay of interfering with PayPal and Stamps.com's agreement, hence Stamp.com's reasoning for including eBay in the suit. Craig Comb and two others filed a class action against PayPal in Craig Comb, et al. They sued, alleging illegal misappropriation of customer accounts and detailed their customer service experiences, including freezing deposited funds for up to 180 days until disputes were resolved by PayPal. PayPal argued that the plaintiffs were required to arbitrate their disputes under the 's Commercial Arbitration Rules.

The court ruled against PayPal, stating that 'the User Agreement and arbitration clause are substantively unconscionable under California law.' In September 2002, sued PayPal for allegedly infringing its cardless payment system patents.

The following year, PayPal countersued, claiming that Bank One's online bill-payment system was an infringement against PayPal's online bill-payment patent, issued in 1998. The two companies agreed on a in October 2003. In November 2003, filed suit against eBay and PayPal claiming that their payment systems infringed an AT&T patent, filed in 1991 and granted in 1994. The case was settled out of court the following month, with the terms of the settlement undisclosed. In June 2011, PayPal and Israel Credit Cards–Cal Ltd. Were sued for 16 million.

The claimants accused PayPal of deliberately failing to notify its customers that ICC-Cal was illegally charging them for currency conversion fees. A class action lawsuit filed in 2010 was settled in 2016, in which the plaintiffs contested PayPal's 'holds' on funds. PayPal has proposed a settlement in the amount of $3.2 million in Zepeda v.

PayPal which has yet to be ratified. As part of the settlement, the company agreed to change some of its policies. CFPB consent [ ] On 21 May 2015 PayPal agreed that PayPal Credit would pay a $25 million fine to settle a complaint filed in Federal Court by the.

The complaint alleged that consumers using PayPal were signed up for PayPal credit accounts without their knowledge nor consent. It alleged that PayPal had promised discounts and payment options the consumers never received, and that users trying to sign up for the regular, non-credit, PayPal accounts were signed up for credit accounts instead. The complaint was filed in the, which ordered PayPal Credit to refund $15 million to consumers and to pay a $10 million fine. See also [ ].

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